• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
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    • 专利摘要:
    An antenna tuning apparatus for a multiple access antenna array for transmitting and / or receiving electromagnetic waves for radio communication. An antenna tuning apparatus according to the invention comprises 4 antenna access (311) (321) (331) (341), 4 user access (312) (322) (332) (342), 10 adjustable impedance devices (301) (302) each having a negative reactance and each having a terminal coupled to one of the antenna ports, 4 windings (303) each having a first terminal coupled to one of the antenna ports and a second terminal coupled to one of the user ports, and 10 adjustable impedance devices (304) (305) each having a negative reactance and each having a terminal coupled to one of the user ports. All adjustable impedance devices (301) (302) (304) (305) are electrically adjustable. Any small variation in the impedance matrix of the antenna array, produced by a change in frequency of use or a change in the medium surrounding the antennas, can be compensated for by a new adjustment of the adjustable impedance devices.
    公开号:FR3020183A1
    申请号:FR1500714
    申请日:2015-04-07
    公开日:2015-10-23
    发明作者:Frederic Broyde；Evelyne Clavelier
    申请人:Tekcem SAS；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    [0001] BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION The invention relates to an antenna tuning apparatus for a multiple access antenna array, the antenna array to a plurality of antennas. multiple access being used to transmit and / or receive electromagnetic waves for radio communication. The radio communication can carry information of all kinds, for example signals for the transmission of voice and / or images (television) and / or data. Radio communication can use any mode of operation, for example broadcasting, bidirectional point-to-point radio communication or radiocommunication in a cellular network. STATE OF THE PRIOR ART An antenna tuning apparatus, which is also often referred to as an "antenna tuner" in English, is a passive apparatus intended to be inserted between an active radio communication equipment, for example a radio transmitter or a radio receiver, and its antenna to obtain that the impedance seen by the active radio communication equipment takes a target value. Figure 1 shows the block diagram of a typical use of an antenna tuning apparatus (31) for tuning a single antenna (11), the antenna operating (or being used) in a given frequency band. The antenna tuning apparatus (31) comprises: an antenna port (311), the antenna port being coupled to the antenna (11) through an antenna link (21) also called a "feeder" , the antenna access (311) seeing, at a frequency in said given frequency band, an impedance called the impedance seen by the antenna access; a user access (312), the user access being coupled to the user (5) through an interconnection (41), the user access (312) having, at said frequency in said given frequency band, an impedance called the impedance presented by the user access; one or more adjustable impedance devices, each of the adjustable impedance devices having a reactance at said frequency in said given frequency band, the reactance of any of the adjustable impedance devices being adjustable and having an influence on the impedance presented by the user access. The user (5) is an active radio communication equipment such as a transmitter, a receiver or a transceiver. The antenna link (21) may for example be a coaxial cable. In some cases, when the antenna tuning apparatus (31) is placed near the antenna (11), the antenna link (21) is not present. The interconnection (41) may for example be a coaxial cable. In some cases, when the antenna tuning apparatus (31) is placed near the user (5), the interconnection (41) is not present. An adjustable impedance device is a component comprising two terminals which behave substantially like a passive linear bipole, and which are therefore completely characterized by an impedance which can depend on the frequency, this impedance being adjustable. An adjustable impedance device may be mechanically adjustable, for example a variable resistor, a variable capacitor, an array having a plurality of capacitors, and one or more switches or switches used to make different capacitors in the array contribute to the reactance, an inductor variable, a network comprising a plurality of inductors and one or more switches or switches used to make different network inductances contribute to the reactance, or an array comprising a plurality of open or short-circuit transmission line sections ( in English: stubs) and one or more switches or switches used to make different sections of the transmission line of the network contribute to the reactance. We note that all the examples in this list, except the variable resistor, are intended to produce an adjustable reactance. A specialist understands that the impedance presented by the user access can be considered as an element of a real vector space of dimension 2, and that an application (in the mathematical sense) can be defined for an impedance seen by the access given antenna, the application matching the impedance presented by the user access to said reactances, the application having, at a given value of each of the reactances, a partial derivative with respect to each of the reactances, a vector subspace generated by the partial derivatives being defined in the real vector space, the generated vector subspace being of dimension 0 or 1 or 2. A specialist understands that, if the generated vector subspace is of dimension 2, the system shown on Figure 1 can be used to obtain the best possible performance of the antenna, especially when the operating frequency is changed, or when the Electromagnetic characteristics of the volume surrounding the antenna are modified, for example a hand movement of the user of a mobile phone. Conversely, if the generated vector subspace is of dimension 1, the possibilities of the system shown in Figure 1 are more limited. A specialist understands that at least two adjustable impedance devices are required to obtain a generated vector subspace of dimension 2. A specialist also understands that at least two adjustable impedance devices do not automatically lead to a generated vector subspace. Figure 2 shows a diagram of an antenna tuning apparatus (31) which could be used as shown in Figure 1 to tune a single antenna, the antenna being used in a frequency band given. The apparatus shown in FIG. 2 comprises: an antenna access (311) having two terminals (3111) (3112), the antenna access being asymmetrical (in English: single-ended); a user access (312) having two terminals (3121) (3122), the user access being asymmetric, the user access having, at a frequency in said given frequency band, an impedance called the impedance presented by the access user; a coil (315); two adjustable impedance devices (313) (314), each of the adjustable impedance devices being a variable capacitor having a reactance at said frequency in said given frequency band, the reactance of any of the adjustable impedance devices having an influence on the impedance presented by the user access. An antenna tuning apparatus of the type shown in FIG. 2 is for example used in the article by F. Chan Wai Po, E. de Foucault, D. Morche, P. Vincent and E. Kerhervé entitled "A Novel Method for Synthesizing an Automatic Matching Network and Its Control Unit ", published in IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems - I Regular Papers, Vol. 58, No. 9, pp. 2225-2236 in September 2011. The article by Q. Gu, JR De Luis, AS Morris, and J. Hilbert entitled "An Analytical Algorithm for Pi-Network Impedance Tuners", published in IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems - Regular Papers , flight. 58, No. 12, pp. 2894-2905 in December 2011, and the article by KR Boyle, E. Spits, Jongh MA, S. Sato, T. Bakker, and A. van Bezooijen titled "A Self-Contained Adaptive Antenna Tuner for Mobile Phones," published in the Proceedings of the European Conference on Antenna and Propagation (EUCAP), pp. 1804-1808 in March 2012, consider an antenna tuning apparatus of a type similar to that shown in Figure 2, the main difference being that the coil (315) of Figure 2 is replaced by an impedance device adjustable, the adjustable impedance device being a variable inductor or an inductor connected in parallel with a variable capacitor.
    [0002] Fig. 3 shows a diagram of another antenna tuning apparatus (31) which could be used as shown in Fig. 1 to tune a single antenna, the antenna operating in a given frequency band. The antenna tuning apparatus shown in Fig. 3 comprises: an antenna port (311) having two terminals (3111) (3112), the antenna port being symmetrical; a user access (312) having two terminals (3121) (3122), the user access being asymmetric, the user access having, at a frequency in said given frequency band, an impedance called the impedance presented by the access user; a transformer (316) and a coil (319); two adjustable impedance devices (317) (318), each of the adjustable impedance devices being a variable capacitor having a reactance at said frequency in said given frequency band, the reactance of any of the adjustable impedance devices having an influence on the impedance presented by the user access.
    [0003] One specialist knows that the antenna tuning apparatus shown in Figure 2 and Figure 3 are commonly used to obtain a generated vector subspace of dimension 2. Conversely the antenna tuning apparatus disclosed in the patent No. 6,907,234, entitled "System and Method for Automatically Tuning an Antenna", issued in June 2005 (inventors Karr et al.) can only provide a generated vector subspace of dimension 1. Some receivers and Transmitters for radio communication use a plurality of antennas simultaneously, in the same frequency band. Such receivers and transmitters are used for example in MIMO radio communication. For such applications, it is possible to use a plurality of antenna tuning apparatus, each of the antenna tuning apparatus having a single antenna access and a single user access, such as tuning apparatuses. Antenna shown in Figure 2 and Figure 3. Figure 4 shows the block diagram of a typical use of a plurality of independent antenna tuners (31) (32) (33) (34). to simultaneously tune 4 antennas (11) (12) (13) (14), the 4 antennas operating in a given frequency band, the 4 antennas forming an antenna array (1). In FIG. 4, each of the antenna tuning devices (31) (32) (33) (34) comprises: an antenna access (311) (321) (331) (341), the antenna access being coupled at one of the antennas (11) (12) (13) (14) through an antenna link (21) (22) (23) (24); a user access (312) (322) (332) (342), the user access being coupled to the user (5) through an interconnection (41) (42) (43) (44); one or more adjustable impedance devices each having a reactance at a given frequency, the reactance of any of the adjustable impedance devices being adjustable.
    [0004] The use shown in Fig. 4 is suitable for simultaneously tuning a plurality of antennas, if the interactions between the antennas can be neglected. However, it is possible to show that this use generally does not provide the best possible performance in cases where the interactions between the antennas can not be neglected. The main reason for this limitation is that a plurality of independent antenna tuning apparatus can not generally be used in such a way that the impedance matrix presented by the user accesses is a desired diagonal impedance matrix, the impedance matrix diagonal desired being in most cases a real diagonal matrix. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The invention relates to a passive apparatus for simultaneously tuning a plurality of antennas, without the limitation, mentioned above, of known techniques. The invention is an apparatus for tuning n antennas, where n is an integer greater than or equal to 2, the n antennas operating (or being used) in a given frequency band, the apparatus comprising: n antenna access, antenna access seeing, at a frequency in said given frequency band, an impedance matrix called "the impedance matrix seen by the antenna access", the impedance matrix seen by the antenna access being a square complex matrix of order n; m user access, where m is an integer greater than or equal to 2, the user accesses having, at said frequency in said given frequency band, an impedance matrix called "the impedance matrix presented by the user accesses", the impedance matrix presented by the user access being a square complex matrix of order m; p adjustable impedance devices, where p is an integer greater than or equal to 2m, each of the adjustable impedance devices having a reactance at said frequency in said given frequency band, the reactance of any of the adjustable impedance devices having, if the impedance matrix seen by the antenna access is equal to a given diagonal impedance matrix, an influence on the impedance matrix presented by the user accesses, the reactance of at least one of the adjustable impedance devices having, if the matrix impedance seen by the antenna access is equal to the given diagonal impedance matrix, an influence on at least one non-diagonal element of the impedance matrix presented by the user access, the reactance of any of the adjustable impedance devices being adjustable by electrical means. An adjustable impedance device having an electrically adjustable reactance may be such as to provide only at said frequency in said given frequency band a finite set of reactance values, such characteristic being for example obtained if the Adjustable impedance is: - a network comprising a plurality of capacitors or sections of transmission line in open circuit and one or more switches or switches controlled electrically, such as electromechanical relays, or microelectromechanical switches (in English: MEMS switches), or PIN diodes or insulated gate field effect transistors (MOSFETs), used to make different capacitors or different sections of the open circuit transmission line of the network contribute to the reactance; or a network comprising a plurality of short-circuited transmission line coils or sections and one or more electrically controlled switches or switches used to cause different coils or different short-circuit transmission line sections of the network to contribute. the reactance. An adjustable impedance device having an electrically adjustable reactance may be such as to provide, at said frequency in said given frequency band, a continuous set of reactance values, this characteristic being for example obtained if the adjustable impedance device is based on the use of a variable capacity diode; or a variable capacity MOS component (in English: MOS varactor); or a microelectromechanical component with variable capacity (in English: MEMS varactor); or a ferroelectric component with variable capacity (in English ferroelectric varactor). The specialist understands how he can build a circuit, the circuit being passive in the sense of the circuit theory and such that, if the impedance matrix seen by the antenna access is equal to a given diagonal impedance matrix, the reactance of any one adjustable impedance devices influence the impedance matrix presented by the user accesses, and the reactance of at least one of the adjustable impedance devices influences at least one non-diagonal element of the impedance matrix presented by the user accesses . The skilled person understands that the apparatus according to the invention is different from the plurality of state-of-the-art independent antenna tuning apparatus shown in Fig. 4, because this plurality of apparatuses of An independent antenna tuning is such that the impedance matrix presented by the user accesses is always a diagonal matrix if the impedance matrix seen by the antenna access is equal to a given diagonal impedance matrix. The n antennas can form an antenna array in which one or more interactions between the antennas can not be neglected. The specialist understands that, in the apparatus according to the invention, if each of the antenna ports is coupled, directly or through an antenna link, to an antenna of an antenna array in which one or more interactions between the antennas antennas can not be neglected, the matrix impedance seen by the antenna access is a non-diagonal matrix. The apparatus according to the invention may be such that, if the impedance matrix seen by the antenna access is equal to a given non-diagonal impedance matrix, an application (in the mathematical sense) matching the impedance matrix presented by the user accesses to the reactances is defined, the application having, at a given value of each of the reactants, a partial derivative with respect to each of the reactances, a vector subspace generated by the partial derivative p being defined in the set of square complex matrices of the order m considered as a real vector space, any diagonal complex matrix of order m having the same diagonal elements as at least one element of the vector subspace generated by the p partial derivatives. Let ZA be the impedance matrix seen by the antenna accesses. Let us note Zu the impedance matrix presented by the user accesses. Zu can be considered as an element of the vector space of square complex matrices of order m on the body of complex numbers, which is of dimension m2. Zu can also be considered as an element of the vector space, denoted E, of square complex matrices of order m on the real number field. The real vector space E is of dimension 2m2. Let's number p devices with impedance adjustable from 1 to p. For any integer j greater than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to p, let us denote by X the reactance of the device with adjustable impedance number j. The specialist understands that Zu is a function of the complex matrix ZA and p real variables X1, ..., X,. In the case where ZA is equal to the given non-diagonal impedance matrix, let us use the value defined by f zu (1) for a given value of each of the reactances, that is to say at (X1 , ..., Xp) = (X-5 XpG) Where (X1 G, Xp G) is given, the application has, relative to any reactance X, among the reactants, a partial derivative Di (X1 G Xp G), which can be denoted dfd X, The requirement mentioned above "any diagonal complex matrix of order m having the same diagonal elements as at least one element of the vector subspace generated by the p partial derivatives "means that every diagonal complex matrix of order ma has the same diagonal elements as at least one element of the vector subspace generated, in the real vector space E, by D1 (X1 GG), Dp (Xi G Xp BOY WUT). The specialist understands that this requirement implies that it is possible to use the adjustable impedance devices to control the modulus and phase of each diagonal element of Zu independently of each other. The specialist also understands how he can meet this requirement. According to the invention, the p partial derivatives can be linearly independent in the real vector space E. In this case, the specialist understands that there is no redundancy in the effect of an adjustment of the p devices. Adjustable impedance, so that it is possible to use the adjustable impedance devices to independently control the modulus and phase of each diagonal element of Zu and aussip - 2m constraints on the non diagonal elements of Zu. In this case, if p - 2m is greater than or equal to 1, it may be possible to reduce the modulus of the p - 2m non diagonal elements of Zu having the largest module.
    [0005] According to the invention, the vector subspace generated by the p partial derivatives can be such that any diagonal complex matrix of order m is an element of the vector subspace generated by the p partial derivatives. In this case, the vector subspace generated by DI (X 1 G Xp G), Dp (X 1 G Xp G) contains all the diagonal complex matrices of order m, which is a vector subspace of E , the dimension of this vector subspace being 2m. In this case, the specialist understands that it is possible to use the adjustable impedance devices to independently control the modulus and phase of each diagonal element of Zu and to cancel all non-diagonal elements of Z. According to The vector subspace generated by the p partial derivatives can be such that any symmetric complex matrix of order m is an element of the vector subspace generated by the partial derivative p's. In this case, the generated vector subspace (X1G XpG) = Di (XIG - XpG) (2) by Di (X 1 G, Xp G), Dp (X 1 G, Xp G) contains all the matrices symmetric complexes of order m, which is a vector subspace of E, the dimension of this vector subspace being p = m (m + 1). The apparatus according to the invention may be such that p = m (m + 1). In this case, if ZA is symmetrical, if the p partial derivatives are linearly independent in the real vector space E and if the apparatus according to the invention behaves, for its antenna access and user access, as a reciprocal circuit, any symmetric complex matrix of order mxm is an element of the vector subspace generated by the p partial derivatives. The number p may preferably be greater than or equal to 2 m and less than or equal to m (m + 1).
    [0006] According to the invention, it is possible that at least one of the antenna accesses and / or one of the user accesses is asymmetrical. According to the invention, it is possible that at least one of the antenna ports and / or one of the user ports is symmetrical. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Other advantages and features will become more clearly apparent from the following description of particular embodiments of the invention given by way of non-limiting example and shown in the accompanying drawings, in which: FIG. 1 shows a block diagram of a typical use of an antenna tuning apparatus for tuning a single antenna, and has already been commented in the section devoted to the presentation of the state of the art; FIG. 2 shows a diagram of a first antenna tuning apparatus which could be used as shown in FIG. 1 to tune a single antenna, and has already been commented on in the section devoted to the presentation of the antenna. state of the art; Fig. 3 shows a diagram of a second antenna tuning apparatus which could be used as shown in Fig. 1 for tuning a single antenna, and has already been commented on in the section devoted to the presentation of the antenna. state of the art; FIG. 4 shows the block diagram of a typical use of a plurality of antenna tuning apparatuses for simultaneously tuning 4 antennas, and has already been commented on in the section devoted to the presentation of the state of the technical; Fig. 5 shows the block diagram of a typical use of an antenna tuning apparatus for simultaneously tuning 4 antennas (first embodiment); Fig. 6 shows the schematic diagram of an antenna tuning apparatus for simultaneously tuning 4 antennas (third embodiment); Fig. 7 is a diagram of an antenna tuning apparatus for simultaneously tuning 4 antennas (fourth embodiment); Fig. 8 is a diagram of an antenna tuning apparatus for simultaneously tuning 4 antennas (fifth embodiment).
    [0007] DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF CERTAIN EMBODIMENTS First embodiment. A first embodiment of an apparatus according to the invention, for simultaneously tuning n antennas between which there is a non-negligible interaction, given by way of non-limiting example, is an antenna tuning apparatus for a network. multi-access antennas, characterized in that: the number of user accesses is equal to the number of antenna accesses, i.e., n = m; a diagram and the component values of a decoupling and matching network are obtained by using the method presented in the article by J. Weber, C. Volmer, K. Blau, R. Stephan and MA Hein, entitled "Miniaturized Antenna Arrays Using Decoupling Networks With Realistic Elements," published in IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, vol. 54, No. 6, pp. 2733-2740, in June 2006; to obtain a scheme and the component values of the antenna tuning apparatus, p 15 m (m + 1) components of the matching and decoupling network are each replaced by an adjustable impedance device, said partial derivatives being linearly independent in the real vector space E, the reactance of any of the adjustable impedance devices being electrically adjustable. The specialist understands that at a frequency at which the antenna tuning apparatus is intended to function, if the impedance matrix seen by the antenna ports is a diagonal matrix having all its diagonal elements equal to 50 n, the reactance of any of the adjustable impedance devices influences the impedance matrix presented by the user accesses, and the reactance of at least one of the adjustable impedance devices influences one or more of the non-diagonal elements of the matrix impedance presented by the user accesses. We note that the adaptation and decoupling network synthesized by the method presented in this article by J. Weber, C. Volmer, K. Blau, R. Stephan and MA Hein comprises m (2m + 1) components, of which only m (m + 1) are replaced by said adjustable impedance devices. The specialist understands how he can determine if the partial derivatives are linearly independent in the real vector space E, for a given choice of m (m + 1) adjustable impedance devices, so as to obtain an appropriate choice. Fig. 5 shows a block diagram of a typical use of the antenna tuning apparatus (3) for simultaneously tuning 4 antennas (11) (12) (13) (14), the 4 antennas operating in a band given frequency, the 4 antennas forming an antenna array (1). In FIG. 5, the antenna tuning apparatus (3) comprises: n = 4 antenna access (311) (321) (331) (341), each of the antenna ports being coupled to one of the antennas (11) ) (12) (13) (14) through an antenna link (21) (22) (23) (24); m = 4 user access (312) (322) (332) (342), each of the user ports being coupled to the user (5) through an interconnection (41) (42) (43) (44); p = m (m + 1) = 20 devices with adjustable impedance, the reactance of any of the adjustable impedance devices being adjustable by electrical means. Since the p partial derivatives are linearly independent in E, the specialist understands that a small variation of the matrix impedance of the antenna array, produced by a change of frequency of use or a change of the medium surrounding the antennas, can be compensated by a new adjustment of the adjustable impedance devices, for example to obtain that the impedance matrix presented by the user access is a real diagonal matrix desired. Thus, it is always possible to obtain the best performance. Second embodiment. The second embodiment of an apparatus according to the invention, for simultaneously tuning n antennas, between which there is a non-negligible interaction, given by way of non-limiting example, is an antenna tuning apparatus for a network. multi-access antennas, characterized in that: n controllable impedance devices are each coupled in parallel with one of the antenna ports and are each adjustable by electrical means; n (n-1) / 2 controllable impedance devices each have a first terminal coupled to one of the antenna ports and a second terminal coupled to one of the antenna ports which is different from the antenna port to which the first terminal is coupled; m adjustable impedance devices are each coupled in parallel with one of the user access and are each adjustable by electric means; m (m-1) / 2 controllable impedance devices each have a first terminal coupled to one of the user ports and a second terminal coupled to one of the user ports which is different from the user access to which the first terminal is coupled. The specialist understands that, at a frequency at which the antenna tuning apparatus is intended to function, if the impedance matrix seen by the antenna access is a diagonal matrix having all its diagonal elements equal to 50 n, the reactance of any of the adjustable impedance devices influences the impedance matrix presented by the user ports, and the reactance of at least one of the adjustable impedance devices influences one or more of the non-diagonal elements of the matrix. impedance presented by user access.
    [0008] Third embodiment. According to a third embodiment of a device according to the invention, given by way of non-limiting example, we have shown in FIG. 6 an antenna tuning apparatus for an access antenna array. multiples, comprising: n = 4 antenna access (311) (321) (331) (341), each of the antenna ports being asymmetrical; m = 4 user access (312) (322) (332) (342), each of the user ports being asymmetrical; n adjustable impedance devices (301) each having a negative reactance and being each coupled in parallel with one of the antenna ports; n (n-1) / 2 controllable impedance devices (302) each having a negative reactance and each having a first terminal coupled to one of the antenna ports and a second terminal coupled to one of the antenna ports which is different from the antenna port to which the first terminal is coupled; n = m windings (303) each having a first terminal coupled to one of the antenna ports and a second terminal coupled to one of the user ports; m adjustable impedance devices (304) each having a negative reactance and being each coupled in parallel with one of the user ports; m (m-1) / 2 controllable impedance devices (305) each having a negative reactance and each having a first terminal coupled to one of the user ports and a second terminal coupled to one of the user ports which is different from the user access which the first terminal is coupled to. All adjustable impedance devices (301) (302) (304) (305) are electrically adjustable, but the circuits and control links necessary to determine the reactance of each of the adjustable impedance devices are not shown on the display. figure 6.
    [0009] We note that this third embodiment is a special case of the second embodiment, where n = m, so that it uses p = m (m + 1) adjustable impedance devices. The apparatus according to this third embodiment can be used as shown in FIG. 5, the antenna array consisting for example of 4 parallel and identical antennas (therefore of the same polarization), these antennas being close to one another and intended to operate in the frequency band 1850 MHz to 1910 MHz. At the center frequency of 1880 MHz, the impedance matrix ZA is approximately given by: ZA "84.4 + 10.1j -18.7-32.5j -17.9 +13.5j -18.7-32 , 5, S2 (3) -18.7-32.5, 84.4 + 10.1, -18.7-32.5, -17.9 + 13.5, -17.9 + 13, 5 d -18.7 - 32.5 d 84.4 + 10.1 d -18.7 - 32.5 d - 32.5 d -17.9 + 13.5 d -18.7 - 32.5 The specialist knows how to determine the capacity of each of the adjustable impedance devices (301) (302) coupled to one of the antenna ports, the inductance of each of the windings (303), the inductance between the windings (303) and the capacitance of each of the adjustable impedance devices (304) (305) coupled to one of the user ports to obtain a desired Zu impedance matrix at the center frequency, for example, if we denote CA the matrix capacitance of the adjustable impedance devices (301) (302) coupled to one of the antenna ports, if we denote L the inductance matrix of the windings (303) and if we do not The Cu matrix capacity of adjustable impedance devices (304) (305) coupled to one of the user accesses, we find that the approximate values (10.20 -2.10 -1.20 CA -2.10 10.20 - 2.10 -1.20 pF (4) -1.20 -2.10 10.20 -2.10 -2.10 -1.20 -2.10 10.20, 71.238 0.282 0.180 0.282 0.282 1.238 0.282 0.180 L 0.180 0.282 1.238 0.282 nH (5) and 0.282 0.180 0.282 1.238) (16.23 -4.03 -0.07 -4.031 -4.03 16.23 -4.03 -0.07 C u -0.07 -4.03 16.23 -4.03 pF (6) -4.03 -0.07 -4.03 16.23) are appropriate to obtain 750.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 50.0 0.0 0.0 Z u 0.0 0.0 50.0 0.0 (7) 0.0 0.0 0.0 50.0) For these values, it is possible to show that p = 20 partial derivatives defined above are linearly independent in the real vector space of dimension 32 of the square complex matrices of order 4, denoted E. Thus, the vector subspace generated by the p partial derivatives in E is a subset vector space of dimension equal to the set of complex matrices sy Therefore, any diagonal 4-dimensional complex matrix has the same diagonal elements as at least one element of the vector subspace generated by the p partial derivatives. It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that any small variation in the antenna array impedance matrix, produced by a change in frequency of use or a change in the medium surrounding the antennas, may be compensated for by a new adjustment of the adjustable impedance devices, by example to obtain the real diagonal matrix given by equation (7). Thus, it is always possible to obtain the best performance. Fourth embodiment. As a fourth embodiment of a device according to the invention, given by way of non-limiting example, we have shown in FIG. 7 an antenna tuning apparatus according to the invention, comprising: n = 4 antenna access (311) (321) (331) (341), each of the antenna ports being asymmetrical; m = 4 user access (312) (322) (332) (342), each of the user ports being asymmetrical; N adjustable impedance devices (301) each having a negative reactance and being each coupled in parallel with one of the antenna ports; n (n-1) / 2 capacitors (306) each having a first terminal coupled to one of the antenna ports and a second terminal coupled to one of the antenna ports which is different from the antenna port to which the first terminal is coupled; N = m windings (303) each having a first terminal coupled to one of the antenna ports and a second terminal coupled to one of the user ports; m adjustable impedance devices (304) each having a negative reactance and being each coupled in parallel with one of the user ports; m (m-1) / 2 controllable impedance devices (305) each having a negative reactance and each having a first terminal coupled to one of the user ports and a second terminal coupled to one of the user ports which is different from the access user to which the first terminal is coupled. All adjustable impedance devices (301) (304) (305) are electrically adjustable, but the circuits and control links necessary to determine the reactance of each of the adjustable impedance devices are not shown in FIG. The specialist understands that, at a frequency at which the antenna tuning apparatus is intended to function, if the impedance matrix seen by the antenna access is a diagonal matrix having all its diagonal elements equal to 50 12, the reactance any of the adjustable impedance devices influences the impedance matrix presented by the user ports, and the reactance of at least one of the adjustable impedance devices influences one or more of the non-diagonal members of the impedance matrix presented by the user accesses. At the center frequency of 1880 MHz, for an impedance matrix ZA given approximately by equation (3) and suitable component values leading to an impedance matrix Zu given by equation (7), it is possible to show that the p = 14 partial derivatives are linearly independent in E. Thus, the vector subspace generated by the p partial derivatives in E is of dimension 14. It is also possible to show that any diagonal complex matrix of order 4 has the same diagonal elements that at least one element of the vector subspace generated by the p partial derivatives. The specialist understands that any small variation of the antenna array impedance matrix, produced by a change of frequency of use or a change of the medium surrounding the antennas, may be partially compensated by a new adjustment of the adjustable impedance devices, by for example, to make each diagonal element of Zu close to 50 S2 and some of the non diagonal elements of Zu to have a sufficiently small modulus. Fifth embodiment.
    [0010] According to a fifth embodiment of a device according to the invention, given by way of non-limiting example, we have shown in FIG. 8 an antenna tuning apparatus according to the invention, comprising: = 4 antenna access (311) (321) (331) (341), each of the antenna ports being asymmetrical; m = 4 user access (312) (322) (332) (342), each of the user ports being asymmetrical; n adjustable impedance devices (301) each having a negative reactance and being each coupled in parallel with one of the antenna ports; n (n-1) / 2 capacitors (306) each having a first terminal coupled to one of the antenna ports and a second terminal coupled to one of the antenna ports which is different from the antenna port to which the first terminal is coupled; n = m windings (303) each having a first terminal coupled to one of the antenna ports and a second terminal coupled to one of the user ports; m adjustable impedance devices (304) each having a negative reactance and being each coupled in parallel with one of the user ports; m (m - 1) / 2 capacitors (307) each having a first terminal coupled to one of the user ports and a second terminal coupled to one of the user ports that is different from the user access to which the first terminal is coupled. All adjustable impedance devices (301) (304) are electrically adjustable, but the circuits and control links necessary to determine the reactance of each of the adjustable impedance devices are not shown in FIG. understands that, at a frequency at which the antenna tuning apparatus is intended to operate, if the impedance matrix seen by the antenna ports is a diagonal matrix having all its diagonal elements equal to 50 SZ, the reactance of n any of the adjustable impedance devices influences the impedance matrix presented by the user ports, and the reactance of at least one of the adjustable impedance devices influences one or more of the non-diagonal elements of the impedance matrix presented by user access. At the center frequency of 1880 MHz, for an impedance matrix ZA given approximately by equation (3) and suitable component values leading to an impedance matrix Zu given by equation (7), it is possible to show that the p = 8 partial derivatives are linearly independent in E. Thus, the vector subspace generated by the partial differential p in E is of dimension 8. It is also possible to show that every diagonal complex matrix of order 4 has the same diagonal elements that at least one element of the vector subspace generated by the p partial derivatives. The specialist understands that any small variation of the antenna array impedance matrix, produced by a change of frequency of use or a change of the medium surrounding the antennas, may be partially compensated by a new adjustment of the adjustable impedance devices, by for example to obtain that each diagonal element of Z1 is close to 50 el INDICATIONS ON INDUSTRIAL APPLICATIONS The specialist understands that the antenna tuning apparatus according to the invention is suitable for compensating variations of the impedance matrix of a network. of antennas using a reduced number of electrical signals to determine the reactance of each of the adjustable impedance devices. The invention is therefore particularly suitable for use in an automatic antenna tuning system for simultaneously tuning a plurality of antennas.
    [0011] We note that in the third, fourth and fifth embodiments, each adjustable impedance device has a negative reactance. This is not a feature of the invention, and it is also possible to use adjustable impedance devices having a positive reactance. However, it is understood by those skilled in the art that the third, fourth, and fifth embodiments use a small number of windings, so that low losses can be achieved in the antenna tuner. The invention can be used in receivers and transmitters for radio communication that use a plurality of antennas simultaneously in the same given frequency band, for example receivers and transmitters for MIMO radio communication. In particular, the invention provides the best possible characteristics by using very close antennas, thus having a strong interaction between the antennas. The invention is therefore particularly suitable for receivers and mobile transmitters, for example those used in portable radiotelephones. The invention is also particularly suitable for receivers and high performance transmitters using a large number of antennas, for example those used in fixed stations of cellular radio networks.
    权利要求:
    Claims (9)
    [0001]
    REVENDICATIONS1. Apparatus for tuning n antennas, where n is an integer greater than or equal to 2, the n antennas operating in a given frequency band, the apparatus comprising: n antenna access (311) (321) (331) (341); n user access (312) (322) (332) (342); n adjustable impedance devices (301) each coupled in parallel with one of the antenna ports; n windings (303) each having a first terminal coupled to one of the antenna ports and each having a second terminal coupled to one of the user ports; and n adjustable impedance devices (304) each coupled in parallel with one of the user ports; the apparatus being such that mutual inductance exists between at least two of the windings (303), and being such that each of said adjustable impedance devices (301) (304) has a reactance at a frequency in said frequency band given, the reactance of any of the adjustable impedance devices being adjustable by electrical means.
    [0002]
    Apparatus according to claim 1, wherein n is greater than or equal to
    [0003]
    3. Apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 2, further comprising n (n-1) / 2 devices each having a reactance, each having a first terminal coupled to one of the antenna ports and each having a second terminal coupled to one of the antenna ports which is different from the antenna access to which the first terminal is coupled.
    [0004]
    Apparatus according to claim 3, wherein each of said n (n-1) / 2 devices each having a reactance, each having a first terminal coupled to one of the antenna ports and each having a second terminal coupled to one of the antenna ports which is different from the antenna access to which the first terminal is coupled is an adjustable impedance device (302) having a reactance at said frequency in said given frequency band, said reactance being adjustable by electrical means.
    [0005]
    An apparatus according to claim 3, wherein each of said n (n-1) / 2 devices each having a reactance, each having a first terminal coupled to one of the antenna ports and each having a second terminal coupled to one of the antenna ports which is different from the antenna access to which the first terminal is coupled is a capacitor (306).
    [0006]
    Apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 5, further comprising n (n-1) / 2 devices each having a reactance, each having a first terminal coupled to one of the user ports and each having a second terminal coupled to a user access that is different from the user access to which the first terminal is coupled.
    [0007]
    An apparatus according to claim 6, wherein each of said n (n-1) / 2 devices each having a reactance, each having a first terminal coupled to one of the user ports and each having a second terminal coupled to one of the user ports. which is different from the user access to which the first terminal is coupled is an adjustable impedance device (305) having a reactance at said frequency in said given frequency band, said reactance being adjustable by electrical means.
    [0008]
    An apparatus according to claim 6, wherein each of said n (n-1) / 2 devices each having a reactance, each having a first terminal coupled to one of the user ports and each having a second terminal coupled to one of the ports User who is different from the user access to which the first terminal is coupled is a capacitor (307).
    [0009]
    9. Apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that n is greater than or equal to 4.
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    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    FR1202542A|FR2996067B1|2012-09-25|2012-09-25|ANTENNA TUNING APPARATUS FOR A MULTIPLE ACCESS ANTENNA NETWORK|
    FR1500714A|FR3020183B1|2012-09-25|2015-04-07|ANTENNA TUNING APPARATUS FOR A MULTIPLE ACCESS ANTENNA NETWORK|FR1500714A| FR3020183B1|2012-09-25|2015-04-07|ANTENNA TUNING APPARATUS FOR A MULTIPLE ACCESS ANTENNA NETWORK|
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